Which of the following refers to crimes facilitated by computers and networks?

The term that encompasses crimes facilitated by computers and networks is indeed “all of the above.” Each of the specified options—virus attacks, phishing attacks, and identity theft—represents a form of cybercrime that utilizes technology.

Virus attacks involve malicious software designed to disrupt, damage, or gain unauthorized access to computer systems, making them a clear example of a crime facilitated by computer technology. Phishing attacks rely on deceitful communications—often sent via email—that mimic reputable organizations to trick individuals into providing sensitive information, which is also facilitated through digital means. Identity theft is a broader crime that often incorporates both of these tactics, among others, to illegally acquire and use someone else's personal information.

By encompassing all three types of crimes, the correct response highlights the various ways in which technology is exploited for criminal purposes, emphasizing the need for awareness and protective measures in the digital realm.